Pablo Picasso

Entire natal name: Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de loose Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Clito Ruiz y Picasso, shorter Pablo Ruiz Picasso, mostly simply Picasso called (born 25th October, 1881 - died on the 8th April, 1973), was a Spanish painter and sculptor. It was one of the anerkanntesten personalities of the art of the 20-th century, he is known as (together with Georges Braque) co-founder of the cubism.

Biography

Pablo Picasso was born in Málaga, Spain, as the first child by José Ruiz y Blasco and María Picasso y López. The father of Picasso was a painter who was specified on naturalistic pictures by birds who was also an art professor at the craft school and museum manager of a local museum for the biggest part of his life. Young Picasso showed from the earliest youth passion and talent for drawing; according to his mother was his first word "piz", a shortening from lápiz, to the Spanish word for the pencil was from his father Picasso received his first art education in drawing and oil painting. Picasso visited some art schools in his childhood, often that informed his father in those, however, never finished his university course in the academy of arts (academy de San Fernando) in Madrid which he already left after less than one year again.

After the short art study in Madrid, he did in 1900 his first trip to Paris, the art capital of Europe. In Paris he lived with Max Jacob (journalist and poet) which helped him to learn French. At night Max slept and Picasso during the day because he worked at night. There were times of big poverty, cold, and desperation. Many of his works had to be burnt to keep in the small room. In 1901 he founded with his friend Soler, the magazine Taking Joven in Madrid. The first issue was illustrated completely by him. Thenceforward he signed his works simply with Picasso, till then he had signed with Pablo Ruiz y Picasso.

In the first years of the 20-th century Picasso spent his time between Barcelona and Paris where he began in 1904 a long-term respect with Fernande Olivier. She is it which seems in many pictures of the pink period. After he had attained fame and success, Picasso Olivier left for Marcelle Humbert which Picasso Eva called. Many declarations of love of Picasso to Eva are to be seen in his cubist works.

In Paris Picasso maintained a noteworthy clique of friends in the Montmartre and Montparnasse, including André Bretons, Guillaume Apollinaire and Gertrude Stein. Apollinaire was arrested in 1911 because of the suspicion, to want to steal Mona Lisa from the Louvre. Apollonaire pointed on his friend Picasso who was also brought to the questioning, but both were soon relieved again.

He always had other relations in addition to his wife or constant partner. Picasso was married twice and had four children with three women. In summer, 1918 Picasso Olga Khokhlova, a dancer married in the troop of Sergei Diaghilev. They spent her honeymoon in the villa of the Chilean art patron Eugenia Errázurizin of the nearness of Biarritz. Khokhlova introduced Picasso in the Highsociety and the whole pleasant concomitants of the life of the empires in Paris of the 1920s. The both led a marriage rich in conflict when Picasso met in 1927 17-year-old Marie Thérèse Walter and began a secret relation with her. The marriage of Picasso and Khokhlova soon did not end in separation, however, separation because the French law required a division of the property in the case of a separation, and Picasso did not want that the Khokhlova half of his wealth should agree. The both remained married up to the death of Khokhlova in 1955 legally. Picasso continued a long-standing relation with Marie Thérèse Walter and generated a daughter, Maia, with her. Marie Thérèse always lived in hope that one day Picasso would marry them and hung itself four years after the death of Pablo Picasso.

The photographer and painter Dora Maar were also a constant companion and lover of Picasso. Two were the next to themselves by the end of the 1930s and in the beginning of the 1940s, and it was a maar which documented the painting of Guernica.

During the second world war and the occupation by the Germans Pablo Picasso remained in Paris. The style Picasso did not fit to the images of the Nazis of art, he was not in the state to exhibit his works during this time. He stretched in his studio back to work all the time untiringly. Although the German bronze casting had forbade in Paris, Pablo Picasso continued this, nevertheless, he used in addition from the French opposition smuggled bronze.

After the freeing Paris in 1944, Picasso started to operate with a young art student Françoise Gilot. Two became, in the end, lovers and had two children together, Claude and Paloma. Unusually for the Mrs. von Picasso, Gilot Picasso left in 1953, supposedly because of insulting treatment and infidelity. This was a heavy blow for Picasso.

After the departure of Gilot Pablo Picasso lived through a difficult period where he had to resign himself to his increasing age and that he was so attractive now in his seventy-year-olds, not more, was quite absurd but for young women. Several ink drawings from this period deal with this subject of the clown-like old dwarf as a counterpoint to clarify to young girls. Several of it from a 6-week Affaire with Geneviève Laporte which auctioned in 2005 from her done drawings of Picasso.

Picasso did not need long around another lover to find Jacqueline Roques. Roque worked in the Madoura pottery in Vallauris on the French Riviera where Pablo Picasso Keramiken produced and painted. Two married in 1961 and stayed together the rest of the life of Picasso. Their marriage was also the last action of the revenge against Gilot. Gilot had searched juridical means to legitimise her children with Picasso, Claude and Paloma. With encouragement of Picasso, she could be separated by her man at that time, Luc Simon, to marry then Picasso and to protect the rights of her children. However, Pablo Picasso married secretly Roque to take revenge for Gilot, for the fact that at that time she had left him.

Picasso afforded big villas in the south of France, in Notre-dame-de-vie in the outskirts of Mougins and in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. It was a fame, there was often exactly so much interest in his private life like to his art.

Pablo Picasso died on the 8th April, 1973 in Mougins, France, while he and his Mrs. Jacqueline Freunde maintained for the lunch. His last words were " a Drinks on me, drinks to my health, you know that I cannot drink any more. " He became in the park of the castle Vauvenargues, buried in Bouches-du-Rhône. Jacqueline Roque kept his children Claude and Paloma from being present at the burial.

Policy

Pablo Picasso remained during the First World War, the Spanish civil war and second of world war neutrally to fight refusing for a side or a land. Picasso never expressed himself on it, but he promoted the opinion that it was it because of his pacifism so. Some of his contemporaries, including Braque, thought that this neutrality dealt more with cowardice, than with principles.

As a Spanish citizen in France living, Picasso was to be fought during both world wars not constrainedly against the German intruders. In the Spanish civil war the military service was for Spaniards who lived outwards, optionally and would have enclosed a voluntary return to Spain to join to one of the sides.

While Pablo Picasso Wut and conviction expressed Francos and the fascists by his art, he did not fight with the weapon against them. He also kept during his youth off the Catalan independence movement if he also expressed his support and was friendly to their activists.

In 1944 Picasso of the French communist party joined, taken part in an international peace conference in Poland and received in 1950 from Stalin the peace prize of the Soviet government. But the party criticism of a portrait of Stalin, as not enough realistically, cooled Picasso's interest in the communist policy, although he remained a loyal member of the communist party up to his death. During an interview with Jerome Seckler Pablo Picasso explained in 1945: " I am a communist and my painting is a communist painting. But if I was a shoemaker, royalist, or communist, or something other, I would not hammer my shoes necessarily in special way to show my policy. "

The work

of Picasso is often categorised in periods. While the names of many of his later periods are discussed, are the most accepted periods, the blue period (in 1901-1904), the pink period (in 1905-1907), the African period (in 1908-1909), the analytic cubism (in 1909-1912), and the synthetic cubism (in 1912-1919).

Before 1901

The education of Picasso began under his father before 1890. His progress can be pursued in the collection by early works in the museum Picasso in Barcelona which exhibits one the most comprehensive still available recordings of the beginnings of a big artist. While 1893 loses itself the childishness of his earliest works; one could say before 1894 his career has begun as a painter. The academic realism in the works of the middle of the 1890s well appears in the " first communication " (1896), a big composition which his sister Lola shows. Same year, at the age of 14 years, he painted picture "aunt Pepa", a strong and dramatic portrait which Juan-Eduardo Cirlot " certainly one biggest in the whole history of the Spanish painting " has called.

In 1897 his realism showed a track of symbolist influence, in a row of the landscapes which were painted in not naturalistic violet and green tones. From some his modernistische period called (in 1899-1900) followed.

His influencing of the works of Rossetti, Steinlen, Toulouse-Lautrec and Edvard Munch, linked with his admiration for old masters, like El Greco, led Pablo Picasso to his personal version of the modernism in his works of this period.

Blue period

The blue period of Picasso (1901-1904) exists of sombre pictures painted in blue and blue-green shadings, only now and then warmed up by other colours. The beginning of this period is unsafe; it can have begun in Spain in spring, 1901, or in Paris in the second half of the year. The strict use of the colour and the often sad subjects of prostitutes and beggars was under influence of a trip through Spain and by the suicide of his friend Carlos Casagemas. Beginning in autumn, 1901, he painted several posthumous portraits Casagemas, culminating in sombre allegorical painting painted 1903 "La Vie"

The same mood penetrates the known etching " the paltry meal " (1904) which shows a blind person and a sighted woman, both gauntly, with an almost empty table. Blindness is a returning subject in the works of Picasso of this period, also represent in the " meal of the blind person " (1903) and in the portrait "Celestina" (1903). Other frequent subjects are artists, acrobats and harlequins. The harlequin, a komoediantischer character, mostly in checked clothes shown, became a personal symbol for Pablo Picasso.

Pink period

(1905-1907) This period is characterised by a more cheerful style with orange and pink colours, and shows many harlequins again. Pablo Picasso got to know in 1904 in Paris Fernande Olivier, a model for sculptors and artists and many of these pictures are under influence of his warm respect with her, in addition to reinforced influence of the French painting.

The in African way influenced period

(1907-1909) It begins with two figures on the right in his picture "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" which were inspired by African art products. The formal ideas which developed during this period led directly in the following cubist period.

Analytic cubism

(1909-1912) The analytic cubism is a style which Picasso has developed together with Braque, marked also by the use of monochrome brownish colours. Both artists " took apart objects " and "analyzed" them in relation on her forms. The pictures of Picasso and Braque from this time are very similar to each other.

Synthetic cubism

(1912-1919) The synthetic cubism is a further development of the cubism in which paper parts, wallpaper, or newspaper paper were included in compositions stuck, the first use by collages in the art.

Classicism and surrealism

In the period after the outbreak of the First World War Pablo Picasso Werke created in a neoclassicistic style. This " return to the order ", is evident in the work of many European artists in the 1920s, like Derain, Giorgios de Chirico and the artist of the new objectivity movement. The pictures and drawings of Picasso from this period often remind of the works of Ingres.

During the 1930s substituted of the Minotaur for the harlequin as a frequent motive used in his work. His use of the Minotaur partially came from his contact with the surrealists who used it often as her symbol.

Probably the most famous work of Picasso is his picture of the German bombardment of Guernica during the Spanish civil war "Guernica". This big canvas embodies the Barbarismus, the brutality and the hopelessness of the war for many. To explain asked, his symbolism, said Pablo Picasso, " It is not to be defined in the painter the symbols. But it would be better if he wrote them in so many words! The audience which looks at the picture must interpret the symbols, as well as understand them this. "

Guernica hung during many years in museum of New York of the modern art. In 1981 Guernica was returned to Spain and was exhibited in the Casón del Buen Retiro. Since 1992, the opening of Madrid museum Reina Sofía the monumental picture hangs there.

Late works

In the 1950s the style of Picasso changed again because he started to interpret the art of the big old masters anew. He created a row of works which on the painting of Velazquez been based. He also painted pictures which appealed to pieces of art of Goya, Poussin, Manet, Courbet and Delacroix.

The last works of Pablo Picasso were a mixture of styles, his means of the expression in the continual river up to the end of his life. His full energy of his work dedicating, Picasso became more courageous, his works more brightly and expressively, and from 1968 to 1971 he generated a flood of paintings and hundreds of the copperplate. In this time became these works often as pornographic imagination of an impotent old man, or the works of an artist looked whose time was over. A long-standing admirer, Douglas Küfer, she called " the incoherent scribblings of a raving old man ".

Later, after the death of Picasso when the rest of the art world of the abstract expressionism went off it was to be found out in the critical community that Picasso had already discovered the neo-expressionism and how so often before, his time around something ahead was.

The legacy

At the moment of his death many of his pictures were in his own possession because he had kept away the art market what he did not need to sell. In addition, Picasso had a substantial collection of works of other famous artists, some of his contemporaries, like Henri Matisse with whom he had exchanged works. After Pablo Picasso left no testament in his death, the death tax to the French state was balanced by means of his works and more other parts of his collection. These works form the core of the gigantic representativen collection of the Musée Picasso in Paris. In 2003 founded of relative Picasso a museum dedicated to him in his birthplace Málaga, the Museo Picasso Málaga.

The Museo Picasso in Barcelona shows many early works of Picasso, created lived during him in Spain, including many seldom seen works, they reveal that Picasso's work is based on respectable knowledge of the classical painting techniques. The museum also holds many precise and detailed studies, created in his youth with the lessons of his father, as well as the comprehensive collection of Jaime Sabartés, the narrow friend Picasso from his Barceloner days who was during many years the personal secretary of Picasso.

The film, " Surviving of Picasso " rotatedly in 1996, acts from Picasso, seen with the eyes of Françoise Gilot. Picasso played Anthony Hopkins.

Some pictures of Picasso count to the most expensive pictures of the world:

* " Act on a black armchair " - sells in 1999 about 45.1 millions

* "Les Noces de Pierrette" - sells in 1999 for more than 51 million US dollars

* " Garçon à la pipe " - sells in 2004, for 104 million US dollars

* " Dora Maar ouch chat " - sells in 2006 for 95.2 million US dollars